MD estate risk

Intestacy risk in Maryland

How assets are distributed when there is no will and state default rules control the outcome.

Who inherits first if there is no will?How do spouse and children shares change by scenario?What are the most common surprises families face?

At a glance

Key takeaways

If there is a surviving minor child, the spouse receives one-half of the intestate estate.
If there is no surviving minor child but there is surviving issue not of the spouse, the spouse receives the first $100,000 plus one-half of the residue.
If neither of those conditions applies, the spouse receives the entire intestate estate.
Any remaining estate passes to surviving issue by representation; if no issue, to parents, then siblings, then more remote relatives in statutory order.

How default rules work in practice

How this topic usually shows up for families

Maryland intestacy gives the surviving spouse a share based on whether there is a surviving minor child or issue who are not the spouse’s, with the remainder passing to descendants or other relatives. Practically, families should separate probate assets from non-probate assets, confirm who has authority to act, and compare the default outcome with what the family expected.

Common misconceptions

Assumptions to check before relying on defaults

Intestacy does not apply to every asset. It usually applies to probate assets without a valid will or beneficiary designation.
Spouse and child shares can change when there are children from another relationship.
A verbal family understanding is not the same as a legally effective estate plan.

Questions to consider

Questions to consider in Maryland

Who inherits first if there is no will?
How do spouse and children shares change by scenario?
What are the most common surprises families face?

State overview

If there is a surviving minor child, the spouse receives one-half of the intestate estate.
If there is no surviving minor child but there is surviving issue not of the spouse, the spouse receives the first $100,000 plus one-half of the residue.
If neither of those conditions applies, the spouse receives the entire intestate estate.
Any remaining estate passes to surviving issue by representation; if no issue, to parents, then siblings, then more remote relatives in statutory order.
An heir must survive the decedent by 120 hours to inherit under intestacy.

Sources

Background sources

Uniform Probate Code (2019) - Intestate succession (Article II)
Article II, Part 1 covers intestate succession, spouse/descendant shares, and representation rules.

National sources provide baseline context; state statutes and court rules control in Maryland.

How this connects

How intestacy risk affects other estate risks

Probate administration follows whichever heirs intestacy rules identify.
Tax outcomes can change depending on who receives what and when.
Guardianship decisions can affect how minor inheritances are managed.

What to review before getting advice

Details that usually shape this topic

Identify which assets lack beneficiary designations.
Confirm marital status, descendants, adopted children, and blended-family facts.
Review how real estate and accounts are titled.
Compare intended recipients with the statutory inheritance order.

Definitions in context

Terms that matter for intestacy risk in Maryland

Intestate

Dying without a valid will controlling probate assets.

Descendant

A child, grandchild, or more remote lineal descendant who qualifies under state law.

Representation

A method for dividing shares among descendants when someone in the family line has died.

Next reads for intestacy risk in Maryland

Maryland overview

Return to the state guide for the full estate-risk picture.

All estate risks

Compare this topic with the other state-law risk areas.

Probate risk

Read a connected risk area that often changes the practical outcome.

Frequently asked questions

Intestacy risk questions in Maryland

Who inherits first without a will in Maryland?

State intestacy rules generally prioritize spouses and descendants, then parents, siblings, and more remote relatives if closer relatives do not survive.